فصلنامه روان شناسی و دین
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 46، تابستان 1398)

Using the descriptive- analytical approach, this research seeks to elucidate and explain the alternative beliefs in contrast with negative schemas in Islamic parenting style. In this research, the researcher examined the maladaptive schemas and the factors shaping them in childhood from Yang's perspective, and expressed the viewpoint of Islam in this regard. Findings of the research indicate that we witness important points in the words and life of Ahlulbeit about the five scheme domains, although the boundaries of these domains are in some cases different from Yang's view.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of teaching religious doctrines (based on Makarem Al-Akhlaq Prayer) on the moral intelligence of students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population consisted of all the students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were selected through multistage random sampling from different faculties of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. They were divided into two groups of 20 participants in control and experimental groups. However, after the reduction in the number of the subjects (due to class interference), the test was finally administered to 15 subjects in the experimental group and 19 subjects in the control group. The instrument used was Lennick and Kiel’s moral competence questionnaire. The experimental group received 10 sessions of teaching religious doctrines based on Makarem Al-Akhlaq Prayer. The results of the study were analyzed through ANOVA on the difference between post-test and pretest scores at the significance level of p <0.05. The results showed that teaching religious doctrines based on Makarem Al-Akhlaq Prayer resulted in a significant increase in the components of moral intelligence in the experimental group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in the truthfulness component.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of prayer therapy on decreasing the ineffective beliefs of adolescents in Qeshm. To this end, 32 adolescents from Qeshm who had a poor educational achievement and ineffective beliefs were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. Concepts and stages of prayer therapy was performed during 8 weekly meetings in Qeshm. Jones’s Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT) was completed in the two stages of pre-test and post-test. The results of covariance analysis showed that compared to the control group, the mean score of irrational thoughts decreased significantly in the experimental group in the post-test (P <0.001). Also, the results of covariance analysis indicated that compared to the control group, the mean scores of the subscales of irrational beliefs, expectation of acceptance by others, self-blame, emotional irresponsibility, anxiety and worry, problem avoidance, dependence, failure in change, and perfectionism in the experimental group decreased significantly in the post-test.

Based on the Islamic sources and using descriptive method and content analysis, this research was conducted with the aim of validating Hazm (prudence) scale. To this end, relevant and reliable Islamic sources were identified, studied, categorized, and conceptualized. After the construction and validation process, the 95-item questionnaire was distributed among 30 university students, seminary students and ordinary people in Qom, who were selected using simple random sampling method. To determine the content validity, the opinions of 8 psychologists - Islamologists were used using content validity index (CVVI and CVR) and Kendall's matching coefficient. To determine face validity, the views of five experts in psychology and Islamic sciences were used. In assessing the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.801 and 0.7868 in the test and re-test stages, respectively. Based on Spearman Brown's split-half coefficient, the internal consistency of the test and re-test was 0.891 and 0.8858, respectively, and based on the Gottman's split-half coefficient, it was 891/0 and 852/0 respectively. The correlation between the two halves of the scale is 0.818 and 0.751, which indicates the strong reliability of the questionnaire.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group spiritual-religious therapy on reducing the stress of mothers of mentally retarded children. The statistical population of the study included the mothers of mentally retarded children in boys’ exceptional schools in Tehran. Two schools were selected using two-stage cluster sampling. After completing Kuh and colleagues’ stress response scale, 24 subjects who scored above the cut scores were selected as the sample and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight 120- minute sessions of spiritual -religious therapy, but the control group received no intervention. The results of the data analysis in the posttest and in the follow up test two months after the post-test showed that group spiritual -religious therapy was effective in reducing stress, tension, aggression and depression in the mothers of mentally retarded children in the experimental group.

The purpose of this present research is to study Spiritual Health and Attachment to God in predicting the quality of life in Divorced women. This is a descriptive research and the research design is correlation. The statistical population included all Divorced women referring to Welfare centers at Torbat-e-Heydarieh city in 2014. The available sampling method  is used here. Therefore, 100 Divorced women referring to centers were selected and filled out the research questionnaires. The Quality of Life questionnaire, Spiritual Health scale and  Attachment to God quwstionnare were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation index and multivariable regression analysis. The results showed that a correlation have of Religious spiritual health (r = 0/392), Although spiritual health (r = 0/264), Secure attachment (r = 0/415), avoidant attachment (r = -0/165) ambinalent attachment (r = -0/196) with the quality of life in Divorced women. Also, the results  showed that 25% of quality of life variance is elaborated using Spiritual Health and Attachment to God. It can be concluded that Spiritual Health and Attachment to God play a major role in quality of life in Divorced women based on these findings.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of spiritual well-being and persistence in long-term goals (stability of interest and endurance in effort) and learning pleasure in female students. To this end, 146 dormitory students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz were selected by stratified random sampling. Then, they completed the spiritual well-being questionnaire, the subscale of learning pleasure, Pekran’s scale of progress emotions and the persistance scale. The collected data were analyzed using stepwise regression and structural equation modeling. The results of data analysis showed that among the aspects of spiritual well-being, relationship with nature and relationship with oneself were the most important predictors of learning pleasure, and the relationship with oneself and with others predicted persistence in effort. Also, learning pleasure was the mediating variable in the relationship between spiritual well-being and persistence in long-term goals. Therefore, one of the effects of spiritual well-being is persistence in trying to achieve long-term goals and the experience of excitement and pleasure during learning activities, and this highlights the importance of spiritual well-being in the university students’ academic and non-academic life.